Rb---Sr isotopic equilibrium during Sveconorwegian (= Grenville) deformation and metamorphism of the Orust dykes, S.W. Sweden     

J. S. Daly  R. G. Park  R. A. Cliff 《Lithos》1983,16(4):307-318

The Orust dykes and their regional correlatives are an important time marker in the polymetamorphic Östfold-Marstrand belt of S.E. Norway and S.W. Sweden. They were deformed and metamorphosed in the amphibolite facies during the Sveconorwegian (= Grenville) orogeny. Three narrow strongly deformed dykes yield Rb---Sr whole-rock ages (1106 ± 52 m.y., 1062 ± 90 m.y., 1000 ± 153 m.y.). The weighted mean age (1087 m.y.) is interpreted as the age of the first post-dyke deformation and the accompanying amphibolite facies metamorphism. High initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7074 ± 9, 0.710 ± 2, 0.713 ± 3, respectively) and other geochemical evidence point to considerable exchange of mobile elements between the dykes and the country rocks. The emplacement age is not known precisely. However, the dykes may be correlated with widespread mafic magnatism which accompanied crustal instability in the N. Atlantic region early in the Sveconorwegian (= Grenville) orogeny about 1200 m.y. ago.  相似文献   

Marine pollution research facilities in the People's Republic of China     

D.A. Wolfe  M.A. Champ  F.A. Cross  D.R. Kester  P.K. Park  R.L. Swanson 《Marine pollution bulletin》1984,15(6):207-212

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Archaean tectonics     

R. Graham Park 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1982,71(1):22-37

The characteristic structures of granite-greenstone and high-grade gneiss terrains are reviewed, using the Superior Province and the North Atlantic craton as examples, with the object of finding a suitable tectonic model to explain both. The granite-greenstone terrain exhibits a combination of gravity-driven vertical tectonics and regional horizontal compression, while the high-grade gneiss terrain shows dominantly subhorizontal high-strain foliation affected by later refoldings.A uniformitarian plate tectonic model may not be appropriate to the Archaean in the likely absence of eclogite-driven subduction and because of practical problems in explaining the deformation patterns.Various alternative mechanisms are considered to explain the structure of the high-grade gneiss terrains in particular. It is concluded that the most fruitful model is tectonic underplating, whereby the crust is thickened from beneath by the emplacement of crustal slices detached from their mantle lithosphere — itself underplated independantly. Such a process could have operated in the North Atlantic craton coevally with greenstone formation and subsequent diapirism in the Superior Province.Sub-horizontal N-S compression affected both cratons in the late Archaean, after the above processes had taken place, when the crust had become sufficiently rigid to be able to transmit regional stresses.

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Zusammenfassung Die charakteristischen Strukturen von Granit-Grünschiefern und hochgradigen Gneisgebieten werden zusammenfassend betrachtet, wobei die Superior Province und das nordatlantische Kraton als Beispiele benutzt werden. Es wird versucht, ein geeignetes tektonisches Modell zu finden, um beide Gebiete zu erklären. Das Granit-Grünschiefergebiet stellt eine Kombination der von durch Gravitation verursachter vertikaler Tektonik und regionaler horizontaler Kompression dar, während das hochgradige Gneisgebiet eine hauptsächlich durch starke Beanspruchung verursachte subhorizontale Schichtung zeigt, beeinflußt durch spätere Faltungen.Ein uniformitarisches plattentektonisches Modell dürfte nicht für das Archaikum geeignet sein, wenn durch Eklogite verursachte Subduktion höchstwahrscheinlich nicht vorhanden ist und wenn außerdem praktische Probleme bei der Erklärung der Deformationsstrukturen auftauchen.Verschiedene alternative Mechanismen werden insbesondere für die Erklärung der Struktur des hochgradigen Gneisgebietes in Betracht gezogen. Als bestes Modell fanden wir die tektonische Anlagerung von unten, wobei die Kruste von unten her durch den Aufbau von Krustenscheiben, die vom Lithosphären-Mantel abgesplittert werden, verstärkt worden ist — wobei diese wiederum unabhängig davon Anlagerungen von unten aufweist. Solch ein Prozeß könnte im nordatlantischen Kraton stattgefunden haben, zusammen mit der Grünschieferformation und dem folgenden Diapirismus in der Superior Province.Subhorizontale N-S-Kompression beeinflußte beide Kratone im späten Archaikum, nachdem die obigen Prozesse stattgefunden hatten und als die Kruste genügend stark geworden war, um die regionalen Spannungen weiterzuleiten.

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Résumé Les structures caractéristiques des domaines à granites et roches vertes, et à gneiss de haut degré de métamorphisme, sont passées en revue; les exemples utilisés sont ceux de la Province Supérieure et du craton de l'Atlantique nord, et ce, dans l'intention de trouver un modèle tectonique approprié à l'explication des deux. Le domaine à granites et roches vertes témoigne de la combinaison d'une tectonique verticale mue par la pesanteur et d'une compression horizontale régionale, tandis que les formations à gneiss de degré de métamorphisme élevé montrent principalement une foliation subhorizontale sous forte tension, affectée par des replissements ultérieurs.Un modèle de tectonique de plaque basé sur la théorie de l'actualisme ne peut pas être appropriée à l'Archéen, étant donné l'absence probable de subduction actionée par des éclogites et en raison des difficultés pratiques à expliquer les structures de déformation.Plusieurs autres mécanismes sont envisagés pour expliquer la structure des régions à gneiss de degré de métamorphisme elevé. On en arrive à conclure que la modèle le plus efficient est le «sous-placage tectonique» suivant lequel la croûte s'épaissit par la mise en place, par en-dessous, de tranches de croûte détachées de leur »manteau-lithosphère«, elles-mêmes des sous-plaques indépendantes. Un tel processus aurait pu fonctionner dans le craton de l'Atlantique nord à la même époque que la formation de roches vertes et que le diapirisme subséquent dans la Province Supérieure.La compression sub-horizontale nord-sud a agi sur les deux cratons vers la fin de l'Archéen, et après qu'eurent lieu les processus ci-dessus, quand la croûte était devenue assez rigide pour pouvoir transmettre des efforts régionaux.

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Contributions of solar and greenhouse gases forcing during the present warm period     

Hyung-Gyu Lim  Sang-Wook Yeh  Ji-Won Kim  Rokjin Park  Chang-Keun Song 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2014,126(1-2):71-79

Due to the dramatic increase in the global mean surface temperature (GMST) during the twentieth century, the climate science community has endeavored to determine which mechanisms are responsible for global warming. By analyzing a millennium simulation (the period of 1000–1990 ad) of a global climate model and global climate proxy network dataset, we estimate the contribution of solar and greenhouse gas forcings on the increase in GMST during the present warm period (1891–1990 ad). Linear regression analysis reveals that both solar and greenhouse gas forcing considerably explain the increase in global mean temperature during the present warm period, respectively, in the global climate model. Using the global climate proxy network dataset, on the other hand, statistical approach suggests that the contribution of greenhouse gas forcing is slightly larger than that of solar forcing to the increase in global mean temperature during the present warm period. Overall, our result indicates that the solar forcing as well as the anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing plays an important role to increase the global mean temperature during the present warm period.  相似文献   

Marine biological feedback associated with Indian Ocean Dipole in a coupled ocean/biogeochemical model     

Jong-Yeon Park  Jong-Seong Kug 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(1-2):329-343

The impact of marine ecosystem on the tropical climate variability in the Indian Ocean is investigated by performing coupled ocean/biogeochemical model experiments, which are forced by realistic surface winds from 1951 to 2010. Results from a suite of chlorophyll perturbation experiments reveal that the presence of chlorophyll can have significant effects on the characteristics of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), including its amplitude and skewness, as well as on the mean state. Specifically, chlorophyll increases mean sea surface temperature due to direct biological heating in regions where the mean mixed layer depth is generally shallow. It is also found that the presence of chlorophyll affects the IOD magnitude by two different processes: One is the amplifying effect by the mean chlorophyll, which leads to shoaling of mean thermocline depth, and the other is the damping effect by the interactively varying chlorophyll coupled with the physical model. There is also a biological impact on the skewness of the IOD, resulting in enhanced positive skewness. This skewness change is primarily caused by the phase dependency of the above two contradicting effects involving the asymmetric thermocline feedback and the nonlinear mixed layer heating.  相似文献   

Seychelles coral record of changes in sea surface temperature bimodality in the western Indian Ocean from the Mid-Holocene to the present   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Zinke  M. Pfeiffer  W. Park  B. Schneider  L. Reuning  W.-Chr. Dullo  G. F. Camoin  A. Mangini  A. Schroeder-Ritzrau  D. Garbe-Schönberg  G. R. Davies 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(3-4):689-708

We report fossil coral records from the Seychelles comprising individual time slices of 14–20 sclerochronological years between 2 and 6.2 kyr BP to reconstruct changes in the seasonal cycle of western Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) compared to the present (1990–2003). These reconstructions allowed us to link changes in the SST bimodality to orbital changes, which were causing a reorganization of the seasonal insolation pattern. Our results reveal the lowest seasonal SST range in the Mid-Holocene (6.2–5.2 kyr BP) and around 2 kyr BP, while the highest range is observed around 4.6 kyr BP and between 1990 and 2003. The season of maximum temperature shifts from austral spring (September to November) to austral autumn (March to May), following changes in seasonal insolation over the past 6 kyr. However, the changes in SST bimodality do not linearly follow the insolation seasonality. For example, the 5.2 and 6.2 kyr BP corals show only subtle SST differences in austral spring and autumn. We use paleoclimate simulations of a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model to compare with proxy data for the Mid-Holocene around 6 kyr BP. The model results show that in the Mid-Holocene the austral winter and spring seasons in the western Indian Ocean were warmer while austral summer was cooler. This is qualitatively consistent with the coral data from 6.2 to 5.2 kyr BP, which shows a similar reduction in the seasonal amplitude compared to the present day. However, the pattern of the seasonal SST cycle in the model appears to follow the changes in insolation more directly than indicated by the corals. Our results highlight the importance of ocean–atmosphere interactions for Indian Ocean SST seasonality throughout the Holocene. In order to understand Holocene climate variability in the countries surrounding the Indian Ocean, we need a much more comprehensive analysis of seasonally resolved archives from the tropical Indian Ocean. Insolation data alone only provides an incomplete picture.  相似文献   

Vitellogenin gene characterization and expression of Asian paddle crabs (Charybdis japonica) following endocrine disrupting chemicals     

Kiyun Park  Tae-Soo Kwak  Ihn-Sil Kwak 《Ocean Science Journal》2014,49(2):127-135

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Molecular characterization of four genes highly expressed during megalopa stage in Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis     

Yoon  Tae-Ho  Bae  Jaeyong  Kang  Hye-Eun  Choi  Jung Hwa  Lee  Chung Il  Park  Won-gyu  Kim  Hyun-Woo 《Ocean Science Journal》2015,50(1):61-75

Ocean Science Journal - The molecular markers to distinguish different larval stages have various applications in ecological studies. Using the differential display RT-PCR technique, we isolated...  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of the climate components driving the pacific decadal oscillation in climate models     

Jae-Heung Park  Soon-Il An  Sang-Wook Yeh  Niklas Schneider 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(3-4):431-445

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is defined as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. In this study, we reconstructed the PDO using the first-order autoregressive model from various climate indices representing the El Niño-Southern oscillation (ENSO), Aleutian Low (AL), sea surface height (SSH), and thermocline depth over the Kuroshio–Oyashio extension (KOE) region. The climate indices were obtained from observation and twentieth-century simulations of the eight coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) participating in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase III (CMIP3). In this manner, we quantitatively assessed the major climate components generating the PDO using observation and models. Based on observations, the PDO pattern in the central to eastern North Pacific was accurately reconstructed by the AL and ENSO indices, and that in the western North Pacific was best reconstructed by the SSH and thermocline indices. In the CMIP3 CGCMs, the relative contribution of each component to the generation of the PDO varied greatly from model to model, and observations, although the PDO patterns from most of the models were similar to the pattern observed. In the models, the PDO pattern in the eastern and western North Pacific were well reconstructed using the AL and SSH indices, respectively. However, the PDO pattern reconstructed by the ENSO index was quite different from the observed pattern, which was possibly due to the model's common deficiency in simulating the amplitude and location of the ENSO. Furthermore, the differences in the contribution of the KOE thermocline index between the observed pattern and most of the models indicated that the PDO pattern associated with ocean wave dynamics is not properly simulated by most models. Therefore, the virtually well simulated PDO pattern by models is a result of physically inconsistent processes.  相似文献   

A simulation of Asian dust events observed from 20 to 29 December 2009 in Korea by using ADAM2   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Soon-Ung Park  Anna Choe  Moon-Soo Park 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2013,49(1):95-109

The Asian dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2) with the MM5 meteorological model has been employed to study long-range transport process of Asian dust and to estimate dust emission, deposition (wet and dry) and concentration over the Asian dust source region and the downwind regions for dust events observed in Korea during the period of 20–29 December 2009, which is one of the dust events chosen by the 3^rd Meeting of Working Group for Joint Research on Dust Sand Storm among Mongolia, China, Japan and Korea to study intensively for the development of an early warning system in Asia. It is found that the model simulates quite well the starting and ending times of dust events and the peak dust concentrations with their occurrence times both in the source region and downwind regions. The dust emission in the dust source region is found to be associated with a developing synoptic weather system accompanied with strong surface winds over the source region that usually travels east to southeastward across the source region and then turns to move northeastward toward the north western Pacific Ocean. The dust emitted in the source region is found to be split into two parts: one is transported southeastward to the East China Sea in front of the surface high pressure system and experiencing enhanced deposition due to the sinking motion induced by the southeastward traveling the surface high pressure system whereas, the other moves northeastward toward the surface low pressure system and then lifted upward to form a upper-level high dust concentration layer that results in a favorable condition for the long-range transport of dust. It is also found that the maximum ten-day total dust emission of about 23 t km^?2 occurs in the domain Northwestern China (NWC). However, the maximum ten-day total dust deposition of 21 t km^?2 with the maximum mean surface concentration of 555 μg m^?3 and the column integrated mean concentration of 2.9 g m^?2 occurs in the domain Central-northern China (CNC). The column-integrated PM₁₀ concentration is found to increase toward northeastward especially in the domain North northeastern China (NNEC) due to the upper-level transported high PM₁₀ concentration. The ten-day total dust deposition, mean surface PM₁₀ and column integrated PM₁₀ concentrations in the downwind domains are found to decrease away from the source region from 2.44 t km^?2, 112 μg m^?3 and 1.68 g m^?2, respectively in the domain YES to 0.06 t km^?2, 2.1 μg m^?3 and 0.4 g m^?2, respectively in the domain Northwestern Pacific 1 (NWP1). Much of the total dust deposition is largely contributed by wet deposition in the far downwind region of the seas while that is contributed by dry deposition in the source region.  相似文献